I didn't feel like I could successfully enter ‘society’, so I kept running away from it, and then I realised that my title was film director.’ Ryusuke Hamaguchi explains how he became a film director.
He won the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for Drive My Car (2021) and the Grand Prix of the Venice Film Festival Jury for Evil Does Not Exist (2023). We spoke to Hamaguchi, who has garnered high international acclaim for each of his films, about the connection between film and design, education and the role of film and creativity in the future.
簡単に自己紹介をお願いします。
Could you please tell me a little bit about yourself?
I have been influenced by many things, especially films. One particular influence that comes to mind is “Notes on the Cinematograph” by the French film director Robert Bresson. The book delves into his philosophies and offers insights and warnings about filmmaking, such as “Don’t change anything, but let everything be different.” The words, spread across over 400 chapters, are simple yet a bit mysterious due to their short length. I find myself still pondering over these words, simply because I admire his films, even though I recognize that attempting to imitate them would be futile. They have become my current guiding principles. One of my latest favorites from Bresson's writings is “To lose equilibrium, to gain a new equilibrium.” I often find myself repeating “I see...” and “I don't understand...” as I contemplate these profound ideas.
I can’t pinpoint exactly what it is. It was truly a gradual process. For instance, I enjoyed watching “Back to the Future” in my childhood. I participated in a film seminar during my college years. I was deeply impressed by the works of the American director John Cassavetes, such as “Husbands” and “A Woman Under the Influence.” Additionally, when I was a freelancer after college, my parents asked, “What are you going to do?” and I replied, “I am going to make movies.” There were multiple phases that shaped my direction. Looking back, many things could have been different if one phase had played out differently, but everything seemed to happen by chance. However, in my early twenties, I didn’t feel inclined to successfully integrate into the “society” I observed at the time. I kept avoiding it, and then I unexpectedly found myself with the title of “film director.”
映画とデザインの接点についてどう思いますか?
I'm curious about whether you think about the intersection between film and design.
Of course I do. One instance is composition. When we compose a frame with camera on a tripod, it is closer to painting. That’s one perspective. In addition, there is the “imaginary line.” For example, right now, I'm looking to the right of the camera. If we have your shot looking to the left, we can be edited to be looking at each other even though we actually aren’t. In filmmaking, we often talk about whether or not we should follow that imaginary line. However, what’s important is this imaginary line is a “constructed” element. So, I feel, by placing the camera and editing scenes, we are designing the audience’s imagination. I’ve been thinking of it that way. In particular, because I work in low-budget filmmaking, the possibilities of what can be captured are actually very limited. Thus, it is crucial to consider how to introduce elements out of the frame, or to evoke the audience's imagination. And rather than making it one’s individual, irrelevant fantasy, the way to make it relevant to the film and the shared imagination between film and audience is designed by how you position the camera and how you frame the scene.
クリエーターにとって最も重要なことは何だと思いますか。
What do you think is the most important thing for creators?
I believe that people who have the impulse to create something are inevitably gnawed by a strong sense of unfulfillment. It's not just about hardships, but could be an artistic aspiration, like, you want to reach the level of the work you admire. There's a desire to create something, often called an “initial impulse.” Although I’m not quite saying that you just have to follow your impulses, I think to a certain extent, you can rely on your intuition to create something. There are reasons behind the emotions, sensations, and feelings that you have, so basically, you can believe in that and pursue what you want to. On the other hand, after you do that, it is essential to examine whether that’s really what you want to do. If you’re so determined to do something, there must be a reason behind it. So, it's important to cherish that reason as the core in moving forward. And you can be confident that be it many or few, it has the potential to connect with people. It comes down to finding a balance in how many you want to connect with.
映画教育だけではなく、これからの教育において何を重視すべきでしょうか。
I think there are many students who study films. But looking beyond that, what do you believe should be prioritized in education now?
That's really difficult. Society is changing way faster than I could imagine. So, on the premise that I have to admit that I don't know the answer, one thing I have been thinking is that it would be beneficial to teach media literacy starting from elementary school. Because, although it's impossible to say what's not there at all, just by changing the order of scenes a bit, you can convey a totally different meaning. Nowadays they watch YouTubers and maybe know these things intuitively. But I think it is important to understand how the information we see is arbitrary and not to be trusted easily for the sake of teenagers’ mental health and well-being. If you know these things, you can tell when the media is trying to manipulate you, agitate you merely for the sake of making money. Therefore, media literacy is very important. However, because the media landscape is constantly changing, it's difficult to say whether media literacy education can catch up with that. Another point is that I believe it will be more and more like we can learn anything ourselves. Tons of learning resources are available on platforms like YouTube. Take English as an example, there are numerous online resources compared to the past. So, it’s very important not to be self-contained. If there is a physical space for education, I think it would be about how to provide opportunities to go beyond their current interests. And as we live in an era where everything digital dominates our lifestyles, I think just going to somewhere together should be meaningful enough. I believe, from now on, an important thing to teach them is that there is something else, different possibilities. Rather than trying to teach what is right, showing “other possibilities” might be far more important in education.
生活と仕事のバランス、そして生活の中で大事にしていることは何ですか?
How do you maintain your work–life balance and what do you prioritize in your everyday life?
I believe that work is just a part of life, but there are many moments that are outside of work. Within those moments, what are the things that you value, care about, or are conscious of? I am not the type that dedicates everything to work, but there are moments you don’t really think about anything, right? For example, when I'm shampooing, I usually let go of all my thoughts. But in those moments ideas pop up, and I even see shampooing as that kind of action. I wash my hair just because I might get some ideas, rather than finding a better balance, I’m simply curious what it would be like to have some time completely cut off from work or cinema.
未来における映画やクリエイティブの役割はどうなると考えていますか。
In closing, I would like to ask, how do you think the role of film and creativity will evolve in the future?
I really don't know... The history of film is not that long, just over 100 years. Let’s say there were people like the Lumière brothers and D.W. Griffith, the father of Hollywood films, and I guess they never would have imagined that young people in the Far East are looking at their works. So, they never thought about how their works would be looked at in the future. That’s what comes to my mind first. Then I happened to see them, was deeply influenced, and did something. So that’s what I am, a person in the future from their perspectives. I think future will remain something like that. In a given moment, with various conditions, whether it's our health, financial constraints, or technical limitations, the present is a culmination of things that couldn’t have been done otherwise. And that present is constantly thrown toward the future. I guess it’s nothing more than that.
Mr Hamaguchi is a scary person. Scary, but not in a violent sense. He sees into people's minds with a frighteningly sharp, deep and calm perception. I thought so when I saw Evil Does Not Exist some time after the interview.
On the other hand, when I tried to talk to my friends about the film, I couldn't find any more words. It is indeed an amazing film. Memories of fragmentary scenes come to mind. But I can't put them together. A blur keeps lingering. I suppose that's what happens because of superior creation.
Hamaguchi says, ‘It's all about doing what you can't help but do now.’ But it is not so easy to do. Long before he achieved the fame he has today, he has always been determined to do his own thing. He has been able to jump over invisible pressure, believe in himself and accept it. This may be a power common to creators who are active on the world stage.
I don't think Mr Hamaguchi probably has any desire to do anything about anyone. He just depicts only what he has seen and felt, being honest with himself. That is probably why, no matter whether he strips it down or not, the essence dwells in it down to the smallest detail. (Maruyama)
Ryusuke Hamaguchi
Film Director. His film “Happy Hour” (2015) received major awards at international film festivals, including Locarno, Nantes, and Singapore. “Drive My Car” (2021) has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, and “Evil Does Not Exist” (2023) won the Grand Jury Prize at the Venice International Film Festival.